Diamond

Diamond is a brilliant flashing gemstone, the symbol of portable wealth, the essential component in an engagement ring, the description of a common shape, and a supremely hard material with many extraordinary properties that make it useful in scientific and industrial applications. To understand what is behind those attributes, it will be necessary to look closer at what just diamond is. I will start from the perspective of the history and then move on to look at the location and of diamond to provide greater depth of understanding.
It is thought that diamonds were first discovered in India about 6,000 years ago in the riverbeds of the region. Traders were responsible for bringing the gems as far east as China and as far west as Rome during the classical and early medieval eras. The Chinese were the first to explore the unusually tough nature of the gem and used it as a tool to cut other stones. Pliny the Elder, a Roman scholar, wrote about the diamond in the first century. The word itself stems from the Greek term adamas which means "invincible" or "unconquerable."
About 50% of diamonds come from South Africa. They are also found in India, Russia, Brazil and Canada. They are mined from kimberlite and lamproite volcanic pipes. Kimberlites are a type of rock that are known to contain diamonds. Lamproite, on the other hand, is a kind of volcanic rock and are found almost every where .In the diamond industry, the focus tends to be on carat. A carat is simply a measure of weight for the mass of a diamond.
Diamond has always been an outstanding and desirable material. It is considered the women's best friend and believed to be the easiest way to win a woman's heart.

References

http://www.professorshouse.com/family/relationships/diamonds-information.aspx

http://jcrs.com/JCRS_for_consumers/jewelry_information/diamonds/diamonds_introduction.htm